Diagnosing ADHD in the UK
GPs in England, Scotland and Wales are unable to diagnose ADHD but can refer you to an NHS specialist for an assessment. This is known as a "right to choose" referral.
An ADHD assessment is usually thorough and may take between 45 and 90 minutes. The psychiatrist might ask you to fill out questionnaires or provide proof like old school documents.
The Assessment
The first step to manage ADHD effectively is to get a diagnosis. People don't know how to manage their symptoms or improve their functioning in school, work and in relationships without the aid of a diagnosis. While everyone exhibits some impulsivity and hyperactivity from time to time those with ADHD exhibit these behaviors consistently. They are usually unorganized and find it difficult to plan and are not able to follow directions. They tend to delay their work and have a difficult time trying to meet deadlines despite their best intentions. They may be physically fidgety, unable sit still, and are easily distracted even when engaged in an enjoyable pursuit. They may also struggle with their memory, avoiding appointments or other important occasions.
Adults are more difficult to recognize than children. The diagnostic criteria of the DSM-V - the mental health manual that is used by doctors all over the world - are geared towards diagnosing children. However, it is harder to establish ADHD symptoms in the adulthood. Instead, the process of assessing is based on a series clinical interviews with an expert.
The clinician will ask the patient about their behavior throughout their life, taking into consideration their symptoms and their impact on their lives. If they are deemed appropriate and have their consent it, they may also interview family members or close relatives of the person. This is especially helpful when evaluating an adult for ADHD as it can help to differentiate the disorder from other medical conditions like emotional disorders and sleep disorders as well as autism spectrum disorder and mood swings.
To ensure that the assessment is accurate, the person being assessed must be honest and open in their answers. They should be prepared to answer numerous questions and anticipate that the interview will last the majority of the time. Bring any paperwork or details that are relevant to your assessment, such as a medical history, allergies or other medical conditions. They should also be aware of the fact that the physician may have to use a broad range of tests and questionnaires to make an informed choice regarding the symptoms.
Medication
For adults and children who are struggling with ADHD symptoms, medication can help ease their struggles. This is typically arranged after an assessment has been completed with a specialist, like a psychiatrist or paediatrician. Once a diagnosis is made, the specialist can then discuss the best treatment options with you. This could involve treatment, medication or a combination.
A psychiatrist will search for patterns of symptoms, as described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders to arrive at an ADHD diagnosis. They will also examine the impact the symptoms affect your daily life. This is how they affect your relationships, work and school and family activities. They also consider the fact that the symptoms are present since childhood.
The medications for ADHD are usually stimulants, such as dexamphetamine or methylphenidate (Ritalin) and they work by increasing the amount of neurotransmitters in the brain. Based on your symptoms your doctor might start you off at the lowest dosage, and then slowly increase it. They will also examine you for any adverse effects.
It is crucial to inform your GP if you have a mental health history. This will allow them to check whether your ADHD symptoms are related to these conditions.
It's not unusual for people with ADHD to have comorbidities, such as depression or anxiety. They are also more likely to experience'meltdowns' which occur when they are overwhelmed with emotions. They might cry, shout and scream all at the same time. It's like a child throwing an angry tantrum.
Some people with ADHD are more prone to developing stomachaches, headaches and nosebleeds. It is essential to check during your evaluation for medical conditions, such as thyroid and sleep apnea. It's also worth noting that some foods and drinks can trigger symptoms similar to ADHD. It's a good idea to avoid caffeine, processed and sugary foods as well as artificial colors and flavourings. Your psychiatrist can give you tips on how to manage your ADHD symptoms during an assessment.
Shared Management
Many people with ADHD have issues with work and relationships as a result of unmanaged symptoms. These problems may directly impact their physical health and wellbeing. Therefore, it is essential that they receive the appropriate treatment and support of a healthcare professional who has the knowledge and training to manage ADHD.
The NHS provides a service for children and adolescents with ADHD which includes assessment, medication and assistance. This service is provided by healthcare professionals who have specialised training in the treatment of ADHD including Clinical Psychologists and Psychiatrists. The assessment of children and young people suffering from ADHD could include taking a thorough developmental and psychosocial history; observation; the use of standardised questionnaires and psychological tests. It may also involve consultation with family members and carers.
In the UK those seeking help with ADHD typically encounter a system of gatekeepers who may facilitate or hinder access to diagnosis and support. The knowledge and attitude of gatekeepers and the availability services will influence the ease at which a child or teen with ADHD can navigate the system.
One of the major concerns that attendees raised was the fact that certain CAMHS services have long waiting times and rejection rates for adolescents and young people suffering from ADHD. It is also possible that when people are finally seen, they will be offered interventions which are not specifically tailored to their requirements. Representatives of charities told of anecdotal stories of children with severe comorbidities, such as self-harming behaviors and eating disorders, not having access to treatment because they were considered symptoms of ADHD rather than a sign of mental distress that required immediate intervention.
GPs can refer for an ADHD assessment, but their ability to provide treatment is not as strong. They are responsible for diagnosing the condition, and referring patients to specialists if required. Based on the skills of the doctor and experience, he or she may suggest cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or behavioral therapy to manage ADHD symptoms. They may also suggest that the patient seek out private help with an expert psychologist in this area of mental health.
Support
In the UK, GPs are able to determine if ADHD is likely. They can then refer patients to specialists who will conduct a more thorough assessment. This includes a complete medical history and a check for other health issues, such as depression or anxiety. It's important to also consider other causes, such as food allergies that may be making symptoms worse.
When a diagnosis is made, medication may be prescribed to ease symptoms. This may involve taking tablets or even talking therapy. In some cases, dietary changes can also help manage symptoms. Patients with ADHD are often unable to get the support they need. It's crucial to find a service you can trust and that will spend the time to understand your needs. Joining a peer support group for those suffering from ADHD or seeking assistance as well as support from family and friends is a great idea. They can share their experiences and develop strategies together.
Adults suffering from ADHD might have a difficult time getting the correct diagnosis or treatment because some healthcare professionals are predisposed to what ADHD 'looks' like. This can make it difficult for people who are from minority groups to receive the correct diagnosis, especially in the case of people who are color or were born female.
Certain adults opt for private ADHD tests to avoid delays and obstructions in NHS services and to obtain a diagnosis that they can use to seek professional assistance. However, GPs and other healthcare professionals have reasonable concerns about the legitimacy of diagnoses that are made privately and may refuse treatment that are based on these diagnoses.
To reduce get diagnosed with adhd is possible to provide training to primary care professionals to increase their understanding of ADHD and its effects on adults. It is also important to provide clear pathways for those who would like to receive support and treatment.
People with ADHD can have a good quality of life when their symptoms are controlled. They can achieve a lot and are more likely to be successful in work and school than their peers who don't have ADHD. It's important to talk about how you're managing your ADHD with your family, friends and teachers.